Let’s implement a regression example where the aim is to train a network to predict the value of a node given the value of all other nodes i.e. each node has a single feature (which is a scalar value). The aim of this example is to leverage the inherent relational information encoded in the graph…

Learn how to build neural networks for direct causal inference Photo by Geranimo on UnsplashBuilding machine learning models is fairly easy nowadays, but often, making good predictions is not enough. On top, we want to make causal statements about interventions. Knowing with high accuracy that a customer will leave our company is good, but knowing…

A Brief Tutorial Photo by Nabeel Hussain on UnsplashK-Means is a popular unsupervised algorithm for clustering tasks. Despite its popularity, it can be difficult to use in some contexts due to the requirement that the number of clusters (or k) be chosen before the algorithm has been implemented. Two quantitative methods to address this issue…

How to use UMAP dimensionality reduction for Embeddings to show multiple evaluation Questions and their relationships to source documents with Ragas, OpenAI, Langchain and ChromaDB 13 min read · 19 hours ago Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) adds a retrieval step to the workflow of an LLM, enabling it to query relevant data from…

Quick Success Data Science Learn graphical text analysis with NLTK Sherlock Holmes (by DALL-E3)The Natural Language Tool Kit (NLTK) ships with a fun feature called a dispersion plot that lets you post the location of a word in a text. More specifically, it plots the occurrences of a word versus the number of words from…

To keep things simple and costs to a minimum ETL Pipeline | Image by authorETL stands for Extract, Transform, and Load. An ETL pipeline is essentially just a data transformation process — extracting data from one place, doing something with it, and then loading it back to the same or a different place. If you…

Using scenario based stress testing to identify medium (2050) and long term (2100) sea level rise risks This project utilizes a scenario based qualitative stress testing approach to identify US coastal census tracts expected to adversely impacted by sea level rise (SLR) in the medium (2050) and long term (2100). One Baseline and two ‘plausible…

First of all, let’s define our hypoparameters. Like in many other metaheuristic algorithms, these variables should be adjusted on the way, and there is no versatile set of values. But let’s stick to these ones: POP_SIZE = 10 #population size MAX_ITER = 30 #the amount of optimization iterations w = 0.2 #inertia weight c1…

When LLMs give us outputs that reveal flaws in human society, can we choose to listen to what they tell us? Photo by Vince Fleming on UnsplashBy now, I’m sure most of you have heard the news about Google’s new LLM*, Gemini, generating pictures of racially diverse people in Nazi uniforms. This little news blip…

Learn to use AI to boost the efficiency of your business Image by geralt on PixabaySince the advent of ChatGPT, it has brought tremendous shock to human society. Especially for us developers, our lives have been reshaped dramatically because of it. ChatGPT can answer all kinds of technical and non-technical questions correctly, accurately, and efficiently.…