Learn how to build neural networks for direct causal inference Photo by Geranimo on UnsplashBuilding machine learning models is fairly easy nowadays, but often, making good predictions is not enough. On top, we want to make causal statements about interventions. Knowing with high accuracy that a customer will leave our company is good, but knowing…
Business expense categories are a systematic classification of costs incurred during the operation of a business, designed to organize and track financial outflows for purposes such as tax preparation, budgeting, and financial analysis. This categorization helps businesses manage their finances more efficiently by providing insights into spending patterns and identifying potential tax deductions. Smart entrepreneurs…
Managing expenses often proves to be a Herculean task for many organizations. Traditional expense management systems are often fraught with challenges: manual data entry is time-consuming and prone to errors; fraudulent claims can slip through the cracks; and ensuring compliance with company policies and tax laws can feel like navigating a minefield. These inefficiencies not…
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Comments by Tom Miller, Faculty Director of Northwestern University’s MSDS program.
Years ago, as a student of applied statistics at the University of Minnesota, I learned a lesson about programming in academia. At the start of the course, the professor said,
"I don't care what language you use for assignments, as long…
Image Quality Assessment (IQA) is a method that standardizes the evaluation criteria for analyzing different aspects of images, including structural information, visual content, etc. To improve this method, various subjective studies have adopted comparative settings. In recent studies, researchers have explored large multimodal models (LMMs) to expand IQA from giving a scalar score to open-ended…
A Brief Tutorial Photo by Nabeel Hussain on UnsplashK-Means is a popular unsupervised algorithm for clustering tasks. Despite its popularity, it can be difficult to use in some contexts due to the requirement that the number of clusters (or k) be chosen before the algorithm has been implemented. Two quantitative methods to address this issue…
Lawyers often grapple with many documents in the dynamic legal world where every second counts, and information is the key to success. The sheer volume of paperwork, from contracts and court pleadings to discovery documents and case research, can be overwhelming. The legal landscape is evolving rapidly, and the need for efficient document management solutions…
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Large Language Model or LLM has recently become more popular thanks to products such as ChatGPT and Google Gemini. Decades ago, people never knew what AI was capable of, and currently, everyone tries their best to catch up with the trends. If I look at the job board, many companies…
Almost all forms of biological perception are multimodal by design, allowing agents to integrate and synthesize data from several sources. Linking modalities, including vision, language, audio, temperature, and robot behaviors, have been the focus of recent research in artificial multimodal representation learning. Nevertheless, the tactile modality is still mostly unexplored when it comes to multimodal…
How to use UMAP dimensionality reduction for Embeddings to show multiple evaluation Questions and their relationships to source documents with Ragas, OpenAI, Langchain and ChromaDB 13 min read · 19 hours ago Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) adds a retrieval step to the workflow of an LLM, enabling it to query relevant data from…